JAPANESE ENGLISH
pitch (or plateau) accent stress (or peak) accent
pitch levels (low, high) stress (primary, secondary, tertiary)
syllable-timed vowel lengthening, ...
no extra-prominence given main stress given to one syllable
to any syllable
(e.g.) bànana banâna
tòmato tomâto
karèndaa câlendar
piano piâno
ACCENT TYPES: number of syllables {n} + 1
n = 1 Ò x or O x
n = 2 Ò O x or O Ò x or O O x
n = 3 Ò O O x or O Ò O x or O O Ò x or O O O x
.
.
. (x = particle, ...)
The accent mark [ ` ] is placed on the last high syllable which is followed by low
ones.
(e.g.) o soroshi i = osoroshìi ha jimema shite = hajimemàshite
L H H H L L H H H L L
(exercise)
ka ga ùmi ga konà ga hoshi ga
sòra ga ts(u)chì ga kodomo ga hànabi ga
kudàmono ga gakkoo ga bùnshoo ga koojòo ga
omoi kowài kawaìi arùku
tomaru kàeru ts(u)karèru shirabèru
kèredo shibàraku konogoro taitee
hakkìri massùgu sappàri don'yòri
yooyaku nakanaka omoshiròi Kyòoto
Àni wa hòn o yonde-imas(u). Inù to nèko ga sànbiki imas(u).
a) differentiate homonyms: kàku 'write' / kaku 'lack'
kàta 'shoulder'/ katà 'pattern'
b) indicate word/phrase boundary:
shàkai + mondai ----> shakaimòndai
society' 'problem' 'social problem'
INTONATION: to be expanded later
Sòo des(u) ka./ Sòo des(u) ka.\/ Sòo des(u) ka.\
'Is that so?' 'Are you sure?' 'Oh, I see.'
Ohayoo gozaimaas(u).~ Konnichi waa.~ Kanpaai.~
identify each hiragana
irregular uses: particles wa は, e へ, (w)o を あのひとはなにをかいましたか。せんしゅうどこへいきましたか。
long vowels: x-ee -い, x-oo -う せんせい、えいが、きょうと、どうりょう
geminates: small tsu っ はっぴょう、しっぱい、かっぱつ
syllabic nasal: ん こんばん、はんのう、べんきょう
palatalized syllables: small ya ゃ, yu ゅ, yo ょ きゃくしゃ、きゅうりょう、しゅみ
punctuation: ten 、 maru 。 こんげつは、かいしゃのしごとでパリにいきます。
quotation marks: 「いつきたの。」
link: Hiragana
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